1. Original Research Articles and Case Studies
2. Review Articles
3. Viewpoint/Opinion Articles
4. Technical Papers
5. Applied Notes
6. Methodology Papers
7. Conceptual Papers
The Journal does not accept manuscripts that have been previously published or are under consideration for publication elsewhere. Authors are expected to adhere strictly to publication ethics and refrain from submitting duplicate or simultaneous submissions. Detailed descriptions and requirements for each article type are provided below.
Authors are required to indicate the category of their manuscript at the time of submission, based on the definitions and criteria outlined herein. The final determination regarding article classification rests with the Editorial Board and will be made following an assessment of the manuscript's conformity with the requirements of each article type.
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1. Original Research Article and Case Study
Original Research Article
Original research articles present the findings of an original scholarly investigation. The defining characteristics of such articles include scientific novelty, reliance on primary data and sources, appropriate use of theoretical frameworks, and systematic analysis of findings.
Case Study
A case study is a form of scholarly research that provides an in-depth, systematic, and analytical examination of a specific case, such as an organization, institution, waqf foundation, charitable organization, non-governmental organization (NGO), program, event, or documented experience.
The purpose of a case study is to generate a comprehensive understanding of the dimensions, processes, challenges, and achievements of the case under investigation and to derive insights that contribute to knowledge development and practical improvement in the relevant field.
In addition to describing the case, case study articles must provide rigorous analysis and offer theoretical and/or practical implications. With respect to structure and length, case studies are subject to the same requirements as original research articles.
To ensure consistency in manuscript preparation, articles should not exceed 8,500 words (up to 10,000 words for qualitative studies) and should generally include the following sections:
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction and Problem Statement
- Literature Review
- Theoretical Framework
- Methods and Data
- Findings
- Discussion and Conclusion
- References
- Extended English Abstract
Detailed instructions regarding each section are provided in the Journal’s manuscript preparation guidelines.
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The primary purpose of a review article is to examine, compare, and critically analyze the literature on a particular topic with emphasis on a specific problem or question. Review articles help identify relationships, contradictions, inconsistencies, and gaps within existing scholarship while demonstrating the current state and advancement of knowledge in a given area.
Review articles require substantial familiarity with the relevant body of literature. Their objective is not merely to summarize previous studies but also to evaluate, interpret, and synthesize them. Consequently, review articles should incorporate the author's critical perspective and scholarly interpretation. Manuscripts that merely compile or reproduce existing literature without critical analysis will not be considered review articles.
Review articles should include a coherent scholarly structure consisting of:
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Review Method (where applicable)
- Analytical Body
- Conclusion
- References
For systematic reviews, the search strategy, study selection process, and analytical procedures must be reported transparently.
Review articles should not exceed 8,500 words and may take one of the following forms:
2.1 Systematic Review
A systematic review is a structured and rigorous synthesis of existing research conducted according to a predefined, transparent, and reproducible methodology. Its objective is to answer a clearly defined research question by identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing all relevant studies on the topic.
2.2 Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis is a subtype of systematic review that employs statistical techniques to integrate findings from independent studies in order to estimate the most accurate relationship among variables under investigation.
2.3 Narrative Review
Narrative reviews are particularly valuable in areas where empirical evidence remains limited. They address broader questions and provide critical discussion and interpretation of a wide range of issues related to a topic. Narrative reviews should maintain a critical and analytical perspective and must not merely compile existing literature.
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3. Viewpoint / Opinion Article
Viewpoint articles do not need to follow the conventional structure of original research articles. They may address topics such as:
- Critiques of previous research
- Book reviews and scholarly assessments
- Analyses of emerging issues and trends
- Analytical perspectives on social phenomena
- Challenges and solutions related to philanthropy and charitable activities
Viewpoint articles must be grounded in scholarly reasoning and supported by credible evidence; they are not intended as expressions of purely personal opinion.
In addition to unsolicited submissions, viewpoint articles may be commissioned by the Editor-in-Chief or members of the Editorial Board.
Suggested structure:
- Introduction
- Statement of the Issue
- Analysis and Argumentation
- Conclusion
- References
Length: 1,000–4,000 words.
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Technical papers (Technical Notes) are not required to follow the full structure of original research articles. They should be written in an analytical and informative style suitable for a broader audience.
The primary purpose of a technical paper is to communicate timely and relevant information. Such papers should include references, although extensive citation is not required.
The Journal reserves the right to edit accepted technical papers to improve clarity, consistency, and presentation.
Technical papers should not exceed 5,000 words.
Suggested structure:
- Abstract
- Introduction and Identification of the Problem or Need
- Description of the Experience, Innovation, System, Program, or Initiative
- Implementation or Development Process
- Outcomes and Lessons Learned
- Practical Recommendations and Implications
- References
- Extended English Abstract
Technical papers focus primarily on documenting and analyzing experiences, innovations, and practical initiatives rather than presenting extensive empirical research findings.
Examples include:
- Innovative philanthropic initiatives
- Reports on NGO or charitable sector innovations
- Summaries of major conferences, workshops, and scientific events
- Lessons learned from policy and legislative initiatives
- New techniques, ideas, or research programs in philanthropy
Illustrative topics include:
- National Charity Monitoring Experiences
- Charitable Financing Models
- Data-Driven Philanthropy Platforms
- Social Impact Assessment Models
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An applied article utilizes scholarly knowledge, theoretical insights, research findings, or professional experiences to propose practical solutions, models, tools, or methods for addressing real-world challenges.
The purpose of applied articles is to translate knowledge into practice and contribute to improved policymaking, management, decision-making, and organizational performance.
Applied articles should present practical and implementable solutions relevant to waqf, philanthropy, charitable organizations, and NGOs.
Suggested structure:
- Abstract
- Introduction and Problem Statement
- Scientific and Practical Foundations
- Proposed Solution, Model, Framework, or Tool
- Implementation and Application
- Discussion and Conclusion
- References
- Extended English Abstract
Applied articles are not required to strictly follow the structure of original research articles but should demonstrate scholarly rigor, clear problem definition, and practical relevance.
Maximum length: 5,000 words.
Examples include:
- Strategies for Improving Waqf Productivity
- Innovative Waqf Management Models
- Applications of Emerging Technologies in Waqf Management
- Enhancing the Effectiveness of Charitable Programs
- Building Public Trust in Charitable Organizations
- Financial Sustainability Models for NGOs
- Governance Models for Civil Society Organizations
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Methodology papers introduce a new method, instrument, procedure, framework, or analytical approach, or provide a substantial improvement to an existing one.
The primary focus is on methodological innovation and replicability rather than substantive findings. Authors must provide sufficient detail to allow other researchers to apply and evaluate the proposed methodology.
Results should be presented primarily for validation purposes; therefore, traditional findings and discussion sections are generally replaced by a method validation section.
Suggested structure:
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction and Problem Statement
- Review of Existing Methods
- Presentation of the Proposed Method, Model, Tool, or Framework
- Design, Development, and Implementation Procedures
- Method Validation (e.g., testing, reliability, validity, or comparison with existing approaches)
- Advantages, Limitations, and Areas of Application
- Conclusion
- References
- Extended English Abstract
Maximum length: 7,000 words.
Examples include:
- Social Capital Measurement Models for Charitable Organizations
- NGO Effectiveness Assessment Instruments
- Philanthropy Development Indices
- Waqf Evaluation Models
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A conceptual paper develops, revises, or proposes theoretical frameworks, conceptual models, and innovative ideas through critical analysis of the literature, theoretical reasoning, and conceptual synthesis.
Unlike empirical studies, conceptual papers do not necessarily rely on the collection and analysis of new empirical data. Their primary objective is to advance knowledge by clarifying concepts, identifying relationships among constructs, and developing new theoretical perspectives.
Within the fields of waqf, philanthropy, and civil society organizations, conceptual papers contribute to theory development and conceptual understanding.
Suggested structure:
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Problem Statement
- Literature Review
- Development of the Conceptual Framework or Model
- Discussion and Conclusion
- References
- Extended English Abstract
Maximum length: 7,000 words.
Examples include:
- Theorizing Philanthropy
- Conceptual Models of Waqf Governance
- Conceptual Frameworks for Social Capital in Charitable Organizations
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Article Type Primary Objective
Original Research Article Generation of new knowledge
Case Study In-depth analysis of a specific case
Review Article Synthesis and critical evaluation of existing knowledge
Viewpoint/Opinion Scholarly analysis or position on an issue
Technical Paper Reporting experiences, innovations, initiatives, systems, projects, or lessons learned
Applied Note Providing practical solutions, models, frameworks, or tools for problem-solving
Methodological Paper Development or validation of methods, indicators, instruments, or assessment models
Conceptual Paper Development of theories, conceptual frameworks, and analytical models